How to Analyze Phishing Emails: Typosquatting, Spoofing, and More

Phishing emails are a growing threat, designed to trick you into giving up sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, or even personal data. But with some knowledge and a bit of detective work, you can learn to spot these malicious messages and protect yourself.

Understanding Common Tactics:

Before we dive into analyzing email headers, let's briefly explore some common phishing tactics:

• Typosquatting: This involves registering domain names that are similar to legitimate ones, often with typos or misspellings. For example, "amaz0n.com" instead of "amazon.com".
• Spoofing: This is where attackers disguise their emails to appear as if they come from a trusted source. They might mimic a known brand, a colleague, or even a government agency.

Identifying Email Spoofing: A Closer Look at Headers

Email headers provide valuable information about the origin and path of an email. By analyzing these headers, you can often identify spoofed messages.

How to Access Email Headers:

• Gmail: Open the email, click the three dots in the top right corner, select "Show original".
• Outlook: Click on the "File" tab, then "Properties". Look for the "Internet Headers" section.
• Other Email Clients: Most email clients offer a way to view email headers. Search for "view email headers" in your email client's help section.

Key Headers to Analyze:

• From: This header indicates the sender's email address. Be cautious if this address doesn't match the expected sender.
• Return-Path: This header shows the actual email address where replies will be sent. This often reveals the true sender, even if the "From" address is spoofed.
• Received: This header displays the timestamps and servers that processed the email. Look for inconsistencies or unusual server names.
• X-Originating-IP: This header shows the IP address from which the email originated. This can help you determine if the email originates from a legitimate source.

Example Analysis:

Let's say you receive an email claiming to be from your bank, but you suspect it's a phishing attempt. Here's how you could analyze the headers:

• From: The "From" address looks like your bank's official address, but it might have a minor misspelling or a different domain.
• Return-Path: The "Return-Path" header shows a completely different address, possibly a free email service or a random server.
• Received: The "Received" headers might show a series of unknown servers or have unusual timestamps.

Red Flags:

• Mismatched From and Return-Path: This is a major red flag indicating potential spoofing.
• Unusual Server Names: Be wary of unfamiliar server names or IPs in the "Received" headers.
• Inconsistent Timestamps: If the timestamps don't align with the expected email flow, it could be a sign of spoofing.

Always Exercise Caution:

Even if an email seems legitimate, it's always best to exercise caution. Never click on links or open attachments from unknown senders. If you're unsure about an email's authenticity, contact the sender directly through their official website or phone number.

Remember: Understanding how to analyze email headers is an essential step in safeguarding yourself from phishing attacks. By learning these techniques, you can stay one step ahead of cybercriminals and protect your sensitive information.