The tendency to attribute one’s own actions to situational factors, while attributing others’ actions to their disposition.
The preference to avoid options where the probability of outcomes is unclear.
The belief that something is superior or better simply because it is new or modern.
The phenomenon where people hold on to their beliefs even more strongly when presented with contradictory evidence.
The tendency to believe vague, general statements are highly accurate for oneself.
The tendency to judge the strength of an argument based on the believability of its conclusion rather than its actual logic.
The phenomenon where people spend more time discussing simple, minor details than on more complex, important issues.
The incorrect assumption that specific conditions are more probable than a general one.
The phenomenon where consumers change their preference between two options when presented with a third, less attractive option.
The tendency to attribute a cause for events in a way that protects one’s own sense of safety or worldview.
The tendency for investors to hold on to losing investments too long and sell winning investments too soon.
The cognitive bias where people with low ability overestimate their competence, while highly competent people underestimate theirs.
The tendency to attribute greater value to outcomes that required significant effort, even if the outcome itself is not inherently valuable.
The tendency to rely heavily on one’s own perspective and have an inflated opinion of oneself.
The tendency for people to ascribe more value to things simply because they own them.
The tendency to continue investing in a failing project or decision due to the amount already invested, even when it is no longer rational to continue.
The tendency to overestimate how much others share one’s beliefs, values, and behaviors.
The tendency to accept general personality descriptions as uniquely applicable to oneself.
The tendency to attribute others’ behaviors to their character or disposition, while underestimating situational influences.
The phenomenon where information is better remembered if it is actively created or generated, rather than simply received.
The tendency to overestimate the difficulty of tasks and underestimate the difficulty of others.
The tendency to prefer smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards, with the preference weakening over time.
The tendency to place a disproportionately high value on products one has partially created or assembled.
The tendency to offer more help to a specific, identifiable individual as opposed to a large, vaguely defined group of people.
The belief that one has more control over events or outcomes than is actually the case.
The tendency to overestimate one’s own qualities and abilities relative to others.
The tendency to seek out information even when it does not affect the decision or outcome.
The tendency to continue supporting a failing action or decision due to the time, money, or resources already invested, even when continuing is not rational.
The tendency for individuals to overestimate their own abilities, especially in comparison to others.
The tendency to give disproportionate weight to trivial issues while ignoring more complex and important ones.
The tendency to prefer a smaller, high-quality option over a larger, less desirable one, even if the latter has greater value.
The tendency to prefer avoiding losses over acquiring equivalent gains, as losses are perceived to be more painful than gains are pleasurable.
The principle that simpler solutions or explanations are more likely to be correct than complex ones.
The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive events and underestimate the likelihood of negative events in one’s life.
The tendency to overestimate one’s abilities, knowledge, or chances of success.
The theory that people adjust their behavior to become more reckless when they feel more protected, often negating the safety measures put in place.
The phenomenon where information that is harder to process is remembered better.
The tendency to make risk-averse choices when outcomes are perceived as certain, and risk-seeking choices when they are perceived as uncertain.
The urge to resist or reject an attempt to restrict one’s freedom of choice, often leading to a preference for the restricted option.
Reverse psychology: A technique where advocating the opposite of what one wants often leads to the desired outcome because of the listener’s reactance.
The tendency to perceive statements as more truthful or persuasive.
The tendency to take more risks when perceived safety increases, balancing perceived danger with risk-taking.
The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors.
The tendency to determine one’s worth or abilities by comparing oneself to others.
The tendency to respond to questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others, often leading to inaccurate self-reporting.
The preference to maintain current conditions rather than change, even when change might lead to better outcomes.
The inclination to continue an endeavor once an investment in time, effort, or money has been made, even if it would be better to abandon it.
The tendency to defend, support, or justify existing social, economic, and political systems, even if they are disadvantageous.
The belief that people are more affected by media, messages, or persuasive communications than oneself.
The tendency to view oneself as more variable in personality, behavior, and mood than others.
The tendency to think that a single unit of something (e.g., food or product) is the appropriate and acceptable amount to consume.
The preference for reducing a small risk to zero rather than a larger reduction in an overall risk.
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