A lapse in attention that results in forgetting, often caused by distractions or a failure to focus on relevant information.
The unintentional plagiarism of ideas, where a person believes a thought or idea is original when it has actually been encountered before.
The tendency to overlook the duration of an experience and instead judge it based on its most intense point and its end.
The tendency for negative emotions associated with unpleasant memories to fade more quickly than positive emotions associated with pleasant memories.
The phenomenon where a person recalls something that did not happen or recalls it differently from the way it actually occurred.
The tendency to forget information that can be easily found online, relying on search engines as external memory.
The automatic association of ideas, concepts, or objects in one’s mind, often reflecting hidden biases or preferences.
Unconscious associations between certain groups of people and specific traits or behaviors.
The process where individuals simplify and highlight certain details when retelling an event, resulting in distorted memories.
The theory that deeper, more meaningful processing of information leads to better recall than shallow, superficial processing.
The tendency for longer lists of items to be more difficult to remember than shorter ones.
The ability to suppress or filter out irrelevant memories, thoughts, or information to focus on what is currently relevant.
When a memory is attributed to the wrong source, such as recalling information but misidentifying where it came from.
The phenomenon where a person’s memory of an event is altered by misleading information presented after the event.
The phenomenon where information presented in one sensory modality is better remembered than information presented in another.
The phenomenon where events, emotions, or information have a varying impact on a person’s psychological state, with some experiences being more influential than others.
The tendency to have poor recall for items immediately preceding one’s turn in a group activity, due to focus on one’s upcoming performance.
When the presentation of some items from a list hinders the retrieval of other, related items.
A cognitive bias where people judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak and its end, rather than the experience as a whole.
Preconceived opinions or attitudes toward individuals or groups, often without proper knowledge, reason, or experience, typically based on stereotypes.
The tendency to remember the first items in a series more easily than those that follow.
The tendency to remember the most recent items or events more clearly than those that occurred earlier.
The ability to recall items or events in the order they were presented.
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a series better than the middle items.
The inability to remember the origin of a memory, leading to confusion between fact and fiction.
The phenomenon where information is better remembered when learning is spaced out over time, rather than crammed into a short period.
Stereotypical bias: A cognitive bias in which preconceived notions influence how people perceive and interpret events or individuals.
The tendency for recall of the last items in a list to be impaired if a verbal suffix (like an extra word) is presented after the list.
The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections.
The phenomenon where retrieving information from memory during a test improves long-term retention more than simply re-reading the information.
The feeling of knowing something but being temporarily unable to recall it, despite it feeling just out of reach.
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